"Olive oil" is simply the oil extracted from the fruit of olive trees, but not all are created equal. The numerous varieties you might see at your local super market can be mind-boggling, and using terms such as light, pure, classic, virgin, extra-virgin, first cold pressed and unfiltered to describe what's inside a bottle or tin doesn't always make it easy to pick the oil suitable for your culinary needs. If all these oils are all from olives then what exactly is the difference between one grade and another?
Although
different species of olives grown in different countries can certainly create
different tasting olive oils, the overall quality of a finished oil is
determined by the process used in producing it. However, it is worth knowing
that the process used to produce the oil is chosen after testing the quality of
the raw oil extracted from the olives. The grade is a statement of an oils
chemical components and its strength in pure olive flavor, as well as a
statement of the extraction and refinement methods utilized to create the
product.
The
oil created from olives are generally grouped into refined or unrefined
classifications, and graded based on level of acidity, or free oleic acid. All
the olive oils will either be unrefined "virgin" oil, with strong
flavor perfect for dressing salads and appetizers such as bruschetta, or
refined pure olive oils, with lighter flavor and ideal cooking characteristics.
Although the many types of olive oils can often be used interchangeably, it is
important to know what makes them different from one another.
While
there are many olive oils that claim to be true extra-virgin, few brands found
on store shelves actually make the grade when tested, and fewer still are
unfiltered or first cold-pressed, using ancient techniques and equipment to
produce olive oil truly unhindered by true extra-virgin olive oils have been
throughout history.
Extra Virgin Olive Oil is the highest grade and
purest quality olive oil available. Industry standards for the extra-virgin
grade require 100% purity; EVOO is unadulterated oil from olives using no
chemicals or heat to extract oil from the fruit purity and a free fatty acid
content no greater than 0.08%. In addition to chemical testing, the oil must
also meet a organoleptic standard, with no defects of aroma or flavor, and a
positive taste of green or ripe olives.
Pure
Olive Oil, classic olive oil, regular olive oil, or more simply "olive
oil", would be those oils of the olive fruit that do not qualify for the
virgin designation due to acidity levels and other factors. Any olive oil that
does not pass the virgin standards in chemical and organoleptic quality is
refined with heat and/or chemicals to remove undesirable odors and flavors. The
resulting product is bland, and almost colorless oil that is blended with a
small amount of virgin olive oil to add just enough olive oil character.
Pure
olive oil usually must contain at least 10% virgin oil and and oleic acid
measuring between 3-4%. It is a popular all-purpose cooking oil because its
higher smoke point and less apparent flavor than virgin oils.
Light
Olive Oil and Extra Light Olive Oil are the lowest grades, having the lightest
true flavor of olives. Although most people are lead to believe the term
"light" translates to lower fat or calories that is not the case with
light olive oil. Only the flavor is lighter as less than 10% virgin olive oil
is added to light oils.
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